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在用gdb调试程序的时候，会遇到内联函数与宏的问题，下面来看看。

[root@www 1]# cat t.h
#ifndef _T_H
#define _T_H
#include <stdio.h> 

static inline long utilfunc(long a, long b, long c)
{
    long xx = a + 2;
    long yy = b + 3;
    long zz = c + 4;
    long sum = xx + yy + zz;

    return xx * yy * zz + sum;
}

#endif

[root@www 1]# cat t.c
/**
 * gcc -Wall -g -o t t.c
 */
#include "t.h"

#define A 1
#define B (2+A)

long myfunc(long a, long b, long c, long d,
            long e, long f, long g, long h)
{
    long xx = a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h;
    long yy = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
    long zz = utilfunc(xx, yy, xx % yy);
    return zz + 20;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
        printf("%d\n", B);
    return 0;
}

上面是测试源代码，无需多说，下面是几个编译实例：

[root@www 1]# gcc -Wall -O2 -o t.O2 t.c         #普通优化编译
[root@www 1]# gcc -Wall -O2 -g -o t.O2.g t.c    #普通优化并-g编译
[root@www 1]# gcc -Wall -O2 -pg -o t.O2.pg t.c  #支持profiling编译
[root@www 1]# ls
t.c  t.h  t.O2  t.O2.g  t.O2.pg
[root@www 1]# gcc -time -o t.tmp t.c            #查看编译时间
# cc1 0.02 0.02
# as 0.00 0.01
# collect2 0.03 0.02
[root@www 1]# gcc -Q -o t.tmp t.c               #查看编译详情
 utilfunc myfunc main
Analyzing compilation unit
Performing interprocedural optimizations
 <visibility> <early_local_cleanups> <summary generate> <inline>Assembling functions:
 utilfunc myfunc main
Execution times (seconds)
 preprocessing         :   0.00 ( 0%) usr   0.00 ( 0%) sys   0.01 (17%) wall     149 kB ( 7%) ggc
 lexical analysis      :   0.00 ( 0%) usr   0.01 (33%) sys   0.01 (17%) wall       0 kB ( 0%) ggc
 integrated RA         :   0.01 (100%) usr   0.00 ( 0%) sys   0.01 (17%) wall       6 kB ( 0%) ggc
 TOTAL                 :   0.01             0.03             0.06               2101 kB
[root@www 1]# ls
t.c  t.h  t.O2  t.O2.g  t.O2.pg  t.tmp
[root@www 1]#

第一个问题，内联函数无法下断点：

[root@www 1]# gdb t.O2.g -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/t.O2.g...done.
(gdb) b utilfunc
Function "utilfunc" not defined.
Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
(gdb) q

怎么解决，带上fno-inline选项：

[root@www 1]# gcc -Wall -O2 -fno-inline -g -o t.O2.noinline.g t.c
[root@www 1]# gdb t.O2.noinline.g -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/t.O2.noinline.g...done.
(gdb) b utilfunc
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4004d0: file t.h, line 7.
(gdb) q
[root@www 1]#

关于内联函数，如果不加优化选项（比如-O2），那么gcc在编译过程中是不会做内联处理的，即便函数前面有inline关键字。如果要既做优化，又要不打开内联处理，那么该选项就帮上忙了。

第二个问题，无法查看宏定义：

[root@www 1]# gdb t.O2.noinline.g -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/t.O2.noinline.g...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400550: file t.c, line 19.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/work/1/t.O2.noinline.g 

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe578) at t.c:19
19      {
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
(gdb) info macro A
The symbol `A' has no definition as a C/C++ preprocessor macro
at <user-defined>:-1
(gdb) q
A debugging session is active.

        Inferior 1 [process 14582] will be killed.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y

这可以通过-ggdb3来明确指定：

[root@www 1]# gcc -Wall -O2 -ggdb3 -fno-inline -g -o t.O2.gdb3.noinline.g t.c
[root@www 1]# gdb t.O2.gdb3.noinline.g -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/t.O2.gdb3.noinline.g...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400550: file t.c, line 19.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/work/1/t.O2.gdb3.noinline.g 

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe568) at t.c:19
19      {
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
(gdb) info macro A
Defined at /home/work/1/t.c:6
#define A 1
(gdb) info macro B
Defined at /home/work/1/t.c:7
#define B (2+A)
(gdb) macro A
Undefined macro command: "A".  Try "help macro".
(gdb) macro expand A
expands to: 1
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2+1)
(gdb)

值得注意的是，macro宏是有“作用域”的，也就是说同一个宏名在不同的代码处可能有不同的展开，所以gdb是利用当前代码行作为选择“作用域”的参考点，这样说可能不容易懂，直接看实例：

[root@www 1]# cat m.c
/**
 * gcc -Wall -g -o t m.c
 */
#include "t.h"

#define A 1
#define B (2*A)

long myfunc(long a, long b, long c, long d,
            long e, long f, long g, long h)
{
#undef B
    long xx = a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h;
    long yy = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
#define B (2+A)
    long zz = utilfunc(xx, yy, xx % yy);
    return zz + 20;
#undef B
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#define B (2-A)
    myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
    printf("%d\n", B);
    return 0;
}
[root@www 1]# gdb -q m
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/m...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4005d2: file m.c, line 24.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/work/1/m 

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe588) at m.c:24
24          myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2-1)
(gdb) s
myfunc (a=11, b=22, c=33, d=44, e=55, f=66, g=77, h=88) at m.c:13
13          long xx = a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h;
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: B
(gdb) n
14          long yy = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: B
(gdb) n
16          long zz = utilfunc(xx, yy, xx % yy);
(gdb)
17          return zz + 20;
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2+1)
(gdb) n
19      }
(gdb)
main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe588) at m.c:25
25          printf("%d\n", B);
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2-1)
(gdb)

如果当前应用程序在执行当中，比如在main()函数处下断点，然后执行r命令后被断了下来，那么当前代码列表就是main函数里的第一行作为参考点，后续就以当前执行行作为参考点。

[root@www 1]# cat m.c
/**
 * gcc -Wall -g -o t m.c
 */
#include "t.h"

#define A 1

long myfunc(long a, long b, long c, long d,
            long e, long f, long g, long h)
{
#define B (2+A)
    long xx = a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h;
    long yy = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
    long zz = utilfunc(xx, yy, xx % yy);
    return zz + 20;
#undef B
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#define B (2-A)
    myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
    printf("%d\n", B);
    return 0;
}
[root@www 1]# gcc -ggdb3 -o m m.c
[root@www 1]# gdb m -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/m...done.
(gdb) info macro A
The symbol `A' has no definition as a C/C++ preprocessor macro
at <user-defined>:-1
(gdb) list main
15          return zz + 20;
16      #undef B
17      }
18
19      int main(int argc, char *argv[])
20      {
21      #define B (2-A)
22          myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
23          printf("%d\n", B);
24          return 0;
(gdb) info macro A
Defined at /home/work/1/m.c:6
#define A 1
(gdb) macro expand A
expands to: 1
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2-1)
(gdb) list myfunc
5
6       #define A 1
7
8       long myfunc(long a, long b, long c, long d,
9                   long e, long f, long g, long h)
10      {
11      #define B (2+A)
12          long xx = a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h;
13          long yy = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h;
14          long zz = utilfunc(xx, yy, xx % yy);
(gdb) macro expand A
expands to: 1
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2+1)
(gdb) q
[root@www 1]# gdb m -q
Reading symbols from /home/work/1/m...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4005d2: file m.c, line 22.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/work/1/m 

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe588) at m.c:22
22          myfunc(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88);
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
(gdb) macro expand A
expands to: 1
(gdb) macro expand B
expands to: (2-1)
(gdb) q
A debugging session is active.

        Inferior 1 [process 22745] will be killed.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y
[root@www 1]#

如果如果应用程序当前未处于执行状态，并且也没有使用list命令指定当前当前代码行，那么宏可能无法显示，上面最开始的“The symbol `A’ has no definition as a C/C++ preprocessor macro”提示表明了这种情况。上面实例里另外两处不同的list命令（list还可直接指定到行，那么此时宏展开就以该行作为参考点），对应的宏B展开也各不相同。
关于gcc的更多选项，可以查看man手册。

另外，今天在用kgdb调试的时候，遇到一个实际问题，下断点提示不成功：

(gdb) b get_page_from_freelist
Breakpoint 1 at 0xffffffff810dd020: file mm/page_alloc.c, line 1646
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Warning:
Cannot insert breakpoint 1.
Error accessing memory address 0xffffffff810dd020: Unknown error 18446744073709551615.

根据链接：http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/CompilingAKernel.html#CompileKGDB找到了解决方案：
If the architecture that you are using supports the kernel option CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA, you should consider turning it off. This option will prevent the use of software breakpoints because it marks certain regions of the kernel’s memory space as read-only. If kgdb supports it for the architecture you are using, you can use hardware breakpoints if you desire to run with the CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA option turned on, else you need to turn off this option.

修改.config文件后重编译内核后，OK。

转载请保留地址：http://lenky.info/archives/2012/08/27/1910 或 http://lenky.info/?p=1910

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